Electrostatic fluid delivery backpack system

ABSTRACT

An electrostatic fluid delivery system is configured to deliver fluid, such as a disinfectant fluid, onto a surface by electrically charging the fluid and forming the fluid into a mist, fog, plume, or spray that can be directed onto a surface, such as a surface to be cleaned. The system atomizes the fluid using a high-pressure air stream and passes the fluid through an electrode inside a nozzle assembly to charge, such as negatively charge, droplets of the atomized fluid. The system uses a unique nozzle design that is configured to optimally atomize the fluid into various sized droplets.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to U.S.Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/270,430, filed Dec. 21, 2015,entitled ELECTROSTATIC FLUID DELIVERY BACKPACK SYSTEM, and U.S.Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/383,108, filed Sep. 2, 2016,entitled ELECTROSTATIC FLUID DELIVERY BACKPACK SYSTEM, the disclosuresof which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

Infectious disease is too often acquired in places that should be safe,such as ambulances, hospitals, schools, restaurants, hotels, athleticfacilities, and other public areas. These places are traditionallycleaned by spraying a fluid disinfectant onto surfaces and wiping downthe surface with a cloth. Unfortunately, such cleaning methods have beenshown to be ineffective.

An improved mechanism for spraying down surfaces uses an electrostaticdelivery system that sprays an electrically charged fluid, such as adisinfectant, onto surfaces. In an electrostatic delivery system, afluid such as chemical solution is atomized by a high-pressure airstream as it passes through an electrode inside a nozzle. Negativelycharged particles are thereby induced onto droplet surfaces of thesolution to form electric field charge within the spray plume of thesolution. The electrostatic charge causes the fluid to cling to asurface to increase the likelihood that the disinfectant will cover andclean the surface. However, existing electrostatic delivery systems areunwieldy and inconvenient due to the power requirements of such systems.They are typically tethered to an electric cord or powered by aircompressor or natural gas, which makes the system heavy. In addition,they are expensive. Cost and cording remain the two main obstacles towidespread adoption. In many cases existing corded products prohibit orrestrict their use in applications where an extension cord iscumbersome, inconvenient, slow, and in some cases creating a safetyconcern by introducing a potentially dangerous tripping hazard.

In view of the foregoing, there is a need for improved electrostaticfluid delivery system.

SUMMARY

Disclosed herein is an electrostatic fluid delivery system that isconfigured to deliver fluid, such as a disinfectant fluid, onto asurface by electrically charging the fluid and forming the fluid into amist, fog, plume, or spray that can be directed onto a surface, such asa surface to be cleaned. The system atomizes the fluid using ahigh-pressure air (or other gas) stream and passes the fluid through anelectrode inside a nozzle assembly to charge, such as negatively charge,droplets of the atomized fluid. The system uses a unique nozzle designthat is configured to optimally atomize the fluid into various sizeddroplets. In addition, the system is powered by a DC (direct current)power system rather than an AC (alternating current) system to eliminatecumbersome power cords. In an embodiment, the DC power system includes alithium ion battery. The device can electrically or positively charge aliquid or gas. In another embodiment, any of the systems describedherein is powered by AC power source or any other type of power sourceincluding, for example, a solar power source. The system can also use,for example, an alternator or a Tesla coil.

In one aspect, there is disclosed an electrostatic sprayer device,comprising: a housing; an electrostatic module inside the housing; areservoir having a cavity adapted to contain a fluid; at least onenozzle fluidly connected to the reservoir wherein the nozzles emit fluidin a direction along a flow pathway; a pump that propels fluid from thereservoir to the at least one nozzle; a direct current battery thatpowers at least one of the electrostatic module and the pump; anelectrode assembly that electrostatically charges the fluid, wherein theelectrode assembly is at least one of: (1) a first electrode assemblyformed of a plurality electrodes electrically attached to theelectrostatic module, wherein each electrode emits ions along an axisthat is parallel to the flow pathway of the fluid emitted from thenozzle such that the plurality electrodes form a static electrical fieldthrough which the fluid passes; and (2) a second electrode assemblyformed of a tube that fluidly through which fluid flows from thereservoir toward the at least one nozzle, wherein at least a conductiveportion of the tube is electrically attached to the electrostaticmodule, and wherein the conductive portion of the tube physicallycontacts the fluid as it flows through the tube and applies anelectrical charge to the fluid.

Other features and advantages should be apparent from the followingdescription of various embodiments, which illustrate, by way of example,the principles of the disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an electrostatic fogger device.

FIG. 2 shows an exploded view of the device of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of a nozzle assembly of the device.

FIG. 4 shows a close up view of a nozzle surrounded by a charging ring.

FIGS. 5 and 6 show a backpack style fogger.

FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of a handheld fogger.

FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of a handheld fogger.

FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of an electrostatic fogger device.

FIG. 10 shows the device of FIG. 9 with a portion of an outer housingremoved.

FIG. 11 shows a nozzle assembly of the device.

FIG. 12 shows a nozzle assembly of the device with a nozzle toolattached thereto.

FIG. 13 shows a nozzle housing of the nozzle assembly.

FIG. 14 shows a nozzle component with nozzles.

FIG. 15 shows an electrode assembly.

FIG. 16 shows an electrode.

FIG. 17 shows a perspective view of the nozzle tool.

FIG. 18 shows an enlarged view of a handle region of the system.

FIG. 19 shows an enlarged view of a handle region of the system with aportion of the outer housing removed.

FIG. 20 shows an interior of a cap of a liquid or fluid reservoir of thesystem.

FIG. 21 shows a perspective view of the reservoir.

FIG. 22 shows a perspective view of the system with the reservoirremoved.

FIG. 23 shows an exemplary embodiment of the pump of the system.

FIG. 24 shows an ion tube isolator that provides a positive or negativeelectrical charge to fluid flowing the tube isolator via direct contactwith the fluid.

FIGS. 25A-26 show various views of a backpack style electrostatic fluiddelivery system.

FIG. 27 shows the battery system of the backpack system.

FIG. 28 shows a perspective view of a sprayer.

FIG. 29 shows a partially exploded view of the backpack system with thetank detached from the base.

FIG. 30 shows the tank pivoting away from the base.

FIG. 31 shows an enlarged view of a hinge that locks the base to thetank.

FIG. 32A shows a perspective view of the tank of the backpack system.

FIG. 32B shows an enlarged view of a bottom portion of the tank showinga valve assembly.

FIG. 33 shows an enlarged view of a portion of the base and shows avalve assembly of the base.

FIG. 34 shows a perspective view of the combined valve assemblies of thetank and the base.

FIG. 35 shows a cross-sectional, perspective view of the combined valveassembly.

FIG. 36 shows a perspective view of the sprayer assembly with an outerhousing of the sprayer assembly being partially transparent.

FIG. 37 shows a perspective, exploded view of the nozzle assembly.

FIG. 38 shows a perspective, cross-sectional view of the nozzle assemblyin an assembled state.

FIG. 39 shows a side, cross-sectional view of the nozzle assembly in anassembled state.

FIG. 40 shows a perspective, cross-sectional view of an ion tubeisolator.

FIG. 41 shows a perspective view of a nozzle tool that removably andmechanically couples to the nozzle assembly for manipulating the nozzlecomponent.

FIG. 42A shows a perspective view of an example pump housing of thesystem.

FIG. 42B illustrates pumping process.

FIG. 43 shows another embodiment of a sprayer system.

FIG. 44A shows a schematic diagram that illustrates an electrostaticcharging process for the system.

FIG. 44B shows a cross-sectional view of the system with the pump off.

FIG. 44C shows the system with the pump powered on.

FIG. 45 shows a perspective view of another embodiment of a sprayersystem.

FIG. 46 shows the system of FIG. 45 with a portion of the outer housingremoved to show internal components of the system.

FIGS. 47 and 48 show cross-sectional views of the system in the regionwhere the reservoir removably couples to the outer housing of thesystem.

FIG. 49 shows a top-down of the system in the region where the reservoirremovably couples to the outer housing of the system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Before the present subject matter is further described, it is to beunderstood that this subject matter described herein is not limited toparticular embodiments described, as such may of course vary. It is alsoto be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose ofdescribing a particular embodiment or embodiments only, and is notintended to be limiting. Unless defined otherwise, all technical termsused herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one skilledin the art to which this subject matter belongs.

Disclosed herein is an electrostatic fluid delivery system that isconfigured to deliver fluid, such as a disinfectant fluid, onto asurface by electrically charging the fluid and forming the fluid into amist, fog, plume, or spray that can be directed onto a surface, such asa surface to be cleaned. The system atomizes the fluid using ahigh-pressure air (or other gas) stream and passes the fluid through anelectrode inside a nozzle assembly to charge, such as negatively charge,droplets of the atomized fluid. The system uses a unique nozzle designthat is configured to optimally atomize the fluid into various sizeddroplets. In addition, in a non-limiting embodiment, the system ispowered by a DC power system rather than an AC system to eliminatecumbersome power cords. In an embodiment, the DC power system includes alithium ion battery. The device can electrically or positively charge aliquid or gas.

The system is configured to electrostatically charge the atomized fluidvia direct charging, induction charging, indirect charging, or anycombinations thereof. In the case of direct charging, fluid flowsthrough an electrically conductive tube or other conduit that iselectrostatically charged such that the fluid contacts the tube and ischarged by direct contact with the tube, as describe below. Forinduction or indirect charging, the fluid is passed through a medium,such as air, that has been electrostatically charged by one or moreelectrodes or pins that create a static electric field through which thefluid passes to receive c charge. The electrode may or may not be in thefluid stream. In an embodiment, the fluid is charged through both directcontact with the charged tube and by flowing the fluid through a mediumsuch as air that has been charged with electrodes such as, for example,described herein.

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an electrostatic fluid deliverysystem 105 that is configured to electrically charge and atomize a fluidfor spraying onto a surface. The system 105 includes a housing 110 thatis sized and shaped to be held by a user. The housing 110 has anergonomic shape that can be easily grasped and held but it should beappreciated that the size and shape of the housing can vary. In anembodiment, one or more vents or openings are positioned in the outerhousing to provide communication between an inside of the outer housingand the outside such as for venting.

The system 105 may have one or more actuators or controls 120 that canbe actuated by a user to activate and operate the system. A fluidexpelling region 175 is located at a front of the housing 110 and has anopening through which atomized fluid is expelled. The system 105 alsoincludes a reservoir 125 that defines a chamber in which fluid can bestored. The chamber of the reservoir 125 communicates internally with anozzle assembly 205 (FIG. 2) for supplying fluid to be electricallycharged and atomized by the nozzle assembly, as described more fullybelow.

FIG. 2 shows the system 105 in an exploded state. The housing is formedof multiple pieces that connect to contain an inner region in which ishoused a fan 200. The fan 200 is powered by a battery, such as a lithiumion battery. An electrical circuit board converts the DC power to ACpower for powering the fan. The system may include a stator coupled tothe battery as well as a protection circuit module (PCM).

The fan 200 (or a pump) operates to blow fluid (gas or liquid) toward anozzle assembly 205 in the fluid expelling region 175 of the system. Thenozzle assembly 205 atomizes and expels fluid in a spray. As the fanblows air toward the nozzle assembly, it creates a pressure differentialthat sucks fluid from the reservoir 125 into the nozzle assembly 205where it is atomized and expelled as a result of the fan 200 blowing airtherethrough. It should be appreciated that other mechanisms can be usedto blow air or to blow or otherwise propel liquid from the reservoir. Inan embodiment, a piston pump is used to deliver air pressure to thenozzle tip. A piston pump can pull from the reservoir tank to push fluidor pressurize straight to the nozzle tip. For a smaller footprintembodiment (such as the embodiments of FIGS. 7 and 8) a Pneumatics MicroPump can act as a solenoid pulling fluid by a magnetic movement. Thedevice can also include a pump that pulls a vacuum in the reservoir orfluid tank to cause fluid to flow out of the reservoir toward thenozzles(s).

FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of the nozzle assembly, which includes anannular housing 305 having a central opening in which is positioned anozzle 310. The housing 305 has a conically or frustoconically shapedsurface that can be curved or straight. The surface is shaped such thatfluid from the nozzle 310 bounces back and forth along the surface toform a turbulent flow that atomizes the fluid. In an embodiment, thefluid is atomized to droplets in the range of 5 microns to 40 microns insize. The nozzle 310 is mechanically coupled to a drive assembly 315that moves the nozzle 310 relative to the housing to control the size ofthe droplets. In this manner, the user can move the nozzle back andforth to achieve a desired plume profile.

FIG. 4 shows an enlarged view of the nozzle 310. The tip of the nozzle310 is positioned centrally within a charge ring 405 that is positionedwithin the housing 305 (FIG. 3) in the assembled device. The charge ring405 is positioned as such (deep inside the housing) to reduce thelikelihood of a user touching the charged ring. The charge ring 405 isgrounded and also electrically connected to a power source for achievinga positive voltage on the charge ring 405 during use. As the nozzle 310expels the atomized fluid through the charge ring 405, it positivelycharges the fluid. In this manner, the electrically charged plume offluid will cling to surfaces that it is sprayed upon.

With reference still to FIG. 4, the nozzle 310 has a series of openingsthrough which fluid is expelled. The openings communicate with aninternal lumen of a tube 410 through which fluid flows from thereservoir 125 (FIG. 1). The openings are arranged in a unique spatialpattern comprised of four openings with each opening positioned 90degrees away from an adjacent opening so as to form a cross pattern. Theopenings can vary in size. In an embodiment, the openings are 0.063inches in diameter. As mentioned, the nozzle can be connected to a driveassembly that varies the position of the nozzle to control the plumeprofile.

The electrostatic fluid delivery system may vary in size and shape.FIGS. 5 and 6 show a backpack embodiment 405 that is configured to beworn on the back of user. The system includes a fluid tank 410 that isremovably mounted to a frame 412 such that the tank 410 can beinterchanged with another tank. The frame 412 is connected to a harness420 or other support for mounting on a user's back, as shown in FIG. 6.The tank 410 is fluidly connected to a handheld nozzle 415 through whicha plume of electrically charged fluid is expelled. The backpackembodiment can include any component of the other systems describedherein, including the electrostatic configurations and removablereservoir.

In addition, FIG. 7 shows another handheld embodiment 705 having areservoir at a bottom of the device. FIG. 8 shows an embodiment 805 thathas a hand pump that can be pumped to generate a pressure differentialthat expels a plume of fluid out of the device.

FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of the system 105. As in the previousembodiment, the system 105 has an outer housing 110 that forms a handlethat can ergonomically be grasped by a single hand of a user. The system105 includes at least one actuator that can be actuated to turn on andalso turn off an internal pump, as well as a second actuator for turningon and off an electrostatics charger for expelling a plume ofelectrostatically charged fluid from a fluid expelling region 175 of thesystem 105. The system 105 has a removable reservoir 125 for storingfluid to be expelled.

The system 105 ejects high voltage ions to the air by means of aplurality of (such as three or more) sharp, detachable high voltage iondischarge electrodes or pins of a predetermined spacing (such as at 120°spacing) from each other on a rim of a nozzle holder (described belowwith reference to FIG. 14). The high voltage ion discharge electrodesare each positioned along an axis that is in parallel to an axis of aspray nozzle so that the spray and ions are emitted in the samedirection and along a parallel axis and therefore the droplets in thespray are surrounded and covered by ion stream and can be efficientlycharged when they meet the ion stream. The electrodes thus emit, propel,or otherwise send out ions or charge in a direction parallel to thedirect of fluid flow or an average direction of fluid flow from thenozzles.

FIG. 10 shows the system 105 with a portion of the outer housing 110removed to show internal components of the system 105. The system 105includes a pump 1005 that is powered by a battery 1010. The pump 1005 isfluidly coupled to fluid within the reservoir 125 such that the pump cancause a pressure differential to draw fluid from the reservoir and intoa nozzle assembly 1015, which is described in detail below. The system105 further includes an electrostatic module that is electricallyconnected to an electrostatic ring, as described below. Theelectrostatic module in an example embodiment is a 12 kV electrostaticmodule and it is configured to electrostatically charge an item, such asthe electrodes, ring, and/or tube described below.

In an embodiment, a light 1017 is positioned at a front end of thesystem 105 in the fluid-expelling region 175 such that the light aimslight toward the direction where fluid is expelled. The light may be anLED light, for example. The light can automatically illuminate when anyportion of the system is activated. In an example embodiment, LED lighthas 100 lumens with the light being directly focused on the path of theliquid that is being sprayed out of the sprayer nozzle. The light can bein multiple colors to allow the user to illuminate florescentantimicrobial solutions (infrared light). In another embodiment thelight is black light. At least a portion of the light or electricalcomponents of the light may be insulated from contact with theelectrically charged field.

FIG. 11 shows a perspective view of the nozzle assembly 1015, whichincludes a nozzle housing 1105 having an internal cavity that removablycontains a nozzle holder or nozzle component 1110 in which one or morenozzles 1115 are positioned. An annular electrostatic ring 1120 ismounted on a forward edge of the nozzle housing 1105. The electrostaticring 1120 forms an opening through which fluid is expelled from thereservoir and through at least one of the nozzles by virtue of the pumpcreating a pressure differential. An insulator element, such as a rubberring 1125 is positioned on the electrostatic ring 1120 to electricallyshield it from the outer housing 110 of the system.

There is a metal contact on the high voltage electrostatic ring 1120that is exposed at a rear part of the electrostatic ring 1120. A highvoltage wire from the electrostatic module is soldered or otherwiseelectrically connected to this metal contact. The soldering point andadjacent exposed metal is completely sealed by epoxy or other insulatorto avoid oxidation and leakage of ions from the electrodes. A groundwire from electrostatic module is connected to ground plate. Asdiscussed, the ground wire is embedded in the handle of the sprayer sothat it is in contact with the operator during operation. This serves aselectrical return loop to complete an electrical circuit. Theelectrostatic ring is electrically charged so that it transfers thecharge to the electrodes that are electrically connected to the ring. Inanother embodiment, the electrodes themselves are individually connectedto the electrostatic module.

As shown in FIG. 12, the system 105 also includes a nozzle tool 1205that removably and mechanically couples to the nozzle assembly formanipulating the nozzle component 1110. The nozzle tool 1205 is sizedand shaped to be inserted into a front opening in the nozzle housing1105. When inserted into the nozzle housing 1105, the nozzle tool 1205mechanically couples to the nozzle component 1110 in a manner thatpermits the nozzle tool 1205 to lock and/or move the nozzle component1110 relative to the nozzle housing 1105, as described more fully below.

In an embodiment, the tool 1205 couples to and removes nozzle componentby a counter clock turn and by pushing in until nozzle componentdecouples and can be removed. In this regard, pushing the nozzlecomponent deeper into the housing using the tool causes a threadedportion of the nozzle component to engage a threaded nut or bolt of thehousing that secures the nozzle component to the housing. The user canthen unthread the nozzle tool and remove it from the housing.

The tool 1205 can also be used to adjust the three-way nozzle by turningit in a desired rotational direction. The user can select threedifferent spray patterns by turning the nozzle component so that adesired nozzle fluidly couples to the reservoir. In this regard, aportion of the tool mechanically attaches to the nozzle component sothat it can apply force to the nozzle component and rotate it until adesired nozzle is in a position that is fluidly coupled to a fluidstream from the reservoir. The system may include a mechanism, such asspring and ball, that provides a noise (such as a clicking sound) when anozzle is in a position to spray fluid.

FIG. 17 shows a perspective view of the nozzle tool 1205. The nozzletool 1205 is sized and shaped to be grasped by a user. It includes acoupler region 1705 that can be removably coupled to a drive device,such as a wrench, or grasped by a user. In an embodiment, the couplerregion 1705 is hexagonal shaped so that it can be mechanically coupledto a wrench including a socket wrench. The nozzle tool 1205 includes acavity or seat 1710 that is size and shaped to receive the outer portionof the nozzle component. For example, the seat 1710 can have a shapethat complements and receives the shape of the nozzle component 1110.The nozzle tool 1205 also includes at least one opening 1715 thatinterlocks with a complementary-shaped protrusion 1405 (FIG. 14) on thenozzle component 1110.

FIG. 13 shows a perspective view of the nozzle housing 1105 without thenozzle component 1110 mounted therein. The nozzle housing 1105 has anelongated, cylindrical shape and defines an internal cavity 1305 sizedto removably receive the nozzle component 1110. The electrostatic ring1120 is mounted at the front edge of the nozzle housing 1105 with therubber ring 1125 positioned in a seat within the electrostatic ring1120. The rubber ring 1125 insulates a set of three electrode assemblies1310 that are mounted on the electrostatic ring 1120 in a predeterminedposition and orientation. The electrodes assemblies 1310 are arrangedaround the opening of the nozzle housing 1105 around the nozzles of thenozzle component 1110 when it is positioned in the nozzle housing 1105.In an embodiment, the electrode assemblies 1310 are positioned at 120degree increments around the electrostatic ring 1120.

The electrostatic ring 1120 includes the three electrodes (which may bemade or stainless steel for example) that are electrically isolated by arubber washer and rubber threaded cap, as described below. Theelectrostatic ring 1120 that holds electrodes is metal and is builtinside of the nozzle housing. The electric static ring is isolatedinside a nozzle housing that acts as a protective barrier. Theelectrostatic ring 1120 contains three internal threaded holes thataccept the three electrodes. A rubber washer is inserted between theelectrostatic ring 1120 and an insulator on each electrode. The rubberwasher aids in tightening of the electrode to the electrostatic ring1120 and also assists in avoiding leakage of ions from the electrode.The whole electrostatic ring 1120 is isolated inside the nozzle housingso that it acts a protective barrier.

The ring, when properly mounted, forms a safety gap between thedischarge electrodes and the outer housing so as to minimize staticleakage through the housing. The rubber ring isolates the nozzle housingfrom causing a charge to the sprayer housing. The rubber ring alsoisolates the nozzle housing from main body of the sprayer to preventwater from penetrating to a main body of the sprayer.

A hose coupler 1320 is located at an end of the nozzle housing and isconfigured to be coupled to a house or other conduit that communicateswith the reservoir. The hose coupler 132 defines an internal passagewaythat communicates with the nozzles 1115 for feeding fluid from thereservoir to the nozzles 1115.

FIG. 14 shows the nozzle component 1110, which is sized and shaped to beremovably positioned within the cavity 1305 of the nozzle housing 1105.The nozzle component 1110 houses one or more nozzles 1115, each of whichis configured to deliver fluid in a predetermined plume or spraypattern. The nozzle component 1110 includes one or more protrusions 1405or other structural elements that are sized and shaped to receivecomplementary structures on the nozzle tool 1205, as described below.Note that the electrostatic ring 1120 with the electrode assemblies 1310is positioned around the nozzles 1115 with the electrodes of theassemblies 1310 being aligned along an axis that is parallel with anaxis of the nozzles.

Any of a variety of nozzle types can be used to achieve a desired flowpattern. There are now described some non-limiting examples ofelectrodes. In an embodiment, the electrodes include three example typesas follows:

(1) A nozzle that provides a cone-shaped spray, with a flow rate of 0.23L/min, 45° @3.5 bar, SMD=113 um, inner orifice=0.65 mm;

(2) A nozzle that provides a cone-shaped spray, with a flow rate of0.369 L/min, 60° @3.5 bar, SMD=84 um, inner orifice=0.58 mm;

(3) A nozzle that provides a fan-shaped spray, with a flow rate of 0.42L/min, 60°@3.5 bar, SMD=100 um, inner orifice=1.00 mm.

It should be appreciated that the aforementioned nozzles are justexamples and that variances are within the scope of this disclosure.

FIG. 15 shows an electrode assembly 1310, which includes a high voltageion discharge electrode 1510 (or pin) and an insulation element 1520positioned over the electrode or pin 1510. The insulation element 1520is sized and shaped so that it covers substantially all of the electrode1510 and exposes only a front portion of the electrode 1510 in the formof a frontward facing conical tip that is aligned along an axis. FIG. 16shows the electrode 1510 (sometimes referred to as a pin) without theinsulation element 1520. Each high voltage ion discharge electrode inthe system has the same structure shown in FIG. 15, a metal pin that isovermolded with plastic at the middle of the pin. Each metal pin has onesharp spike at one end and external screw thread at the other end. Theinsulation element, which can be plastic, at the middle of pin is foreasy gripping during installation and removal, although the pins are notnecessarily removable. The plastic is also used to insulate the pin andprevent it from releasing ions from body of pin. The electrode assemblycan also be a set of electrode assemblies of the type shown in FIG. 15.

Thus, each electrode assembly 1310 includes an insulator element 1520that can be formed of a rubber washer that covers a middle section ofthe electrode, and rubber boot that covers a front section except for afront most, sharpened tip. The rubber washer and a plastic or rubber cap(or boot) isolates the electrode and protects the electrode from staticleakage such that only the sharpened tip is exposed and/or uninsulated.

Each high voltage ion discharge electrode is to be screwed into aninternal screw thread on the high voltage ring 1120 coupled to thenozzle component 1110. Except for its sharp spike at the end, each highvoltage ion discharge electrode is completely covered and concealed bythe insulator element after it is installed to the high voltage ring1120.

FIG. 18 shows an enlarged view of a handle region of the housing 110.The handle region is ergonomically sized and shaped to be grasped by asingle hand of a user. A trigger 1805 or other actuator, such as a knob,switch, etc., is ergonomically positioned so that a user can actuate thetrigger with his or her finger when the other fingers are wrapped arounda post 1810 of the handle region. A ground wire 1815 or other structure1815 is embedded into the handle region, such as in the post 1810. Theground wire 1815 is positioned so that it will electrically contact theuser's hand when the user grasps the post 1810 during use of the device.In an embodiment, the ground wire is made of copper and is a copperstrip of material that contacts the user's hand when the user grasps thedevice although other materials, such as stainless steel, may be used.

FIG. 19 shows the handle region with a portion of the outer housing 110removed to show internal components of the device particularly withrespect to the reservoir 125, which is a container that encloses aninterior cavity that contains fluid. The reservoir is removably attachedto the housing 110 and includes a guide surface 1907 that slides intothe housing 110. In an embodiment, the guide surface 1907 defines one ormore inclined guide projections that interact with the outer housing 110to properly guide the reservoir 125 into the housing 110.

With reference still to FIG. 19, a first detachment mechanism 1905, suchas a ring attached to a biased or tensions structure such as a pin, anda second detachment mechanism 1920, such as a rotatable wheel or cap1921, that can be collectively actuated by a user to enable detachmentand locking reattachment of the reservoir 125 to the outer housing. FIG.20 shows a view of the portion of the cap 1921 that communicates withand covers the interior cavity of the reservoir 125. A one-way valve2003, such as a duckbill valve, is positioned in the cap 1921 andprovides a vent for fluid to enter into the interior of the reservoirfrom atmosphere as the pump of the system pulls a vacuum in thereservoir.

FIG. 21 shows the reservoir 125, which includes an opening 2005 thatprovides access to the internal cavity of the reservoir 125. The opening2005 is defined by a neck 2010 having one or more flanges or threads.The neck 2010 sealingly engages the first detachment mechanism 1905 andthe second detachment mechanism 1920 of the system for detaching andlockingly attaching the reservoir to the housing.

FIG. 22 shows the system with the reservoir 125 and a portion of theouter housing removed. As mentioned, the first detachment mechanism 1905is configured to attach to the reservoir. Specifically, the firstdetachment mechanism 1905 includes a spring loaded or tensionedstructure that is biased toward locking engagement with a seat 2020(FIG. 21), structure, or opening in the housing of the reservoir. Thefirst detachment mechanism 1905 is biased to automatically engage andlock with the seat 2020 (or other structure) and lock the reservoir 125to the housing when it is inserted. In this manner, the detachmentmechanism 1905 mechanically prevents the reservoir from being removedfrom the housing unless the user pulls on, disengages, or otherwisereleases the first detachment mechanism 1905 from the reservoir. A usercan disengage the first detachment mechanism 1905 from the reservoir bypulling on a structure such as a ring or tab of the first detachmentmechanism 1905 to release it from the reservoir. Thus the user must pullout the first detachment mechanism relative to the housing and/orreservoir to release the reservoir from the housing.

With reference still to FIG. 22, second detachment mechanism 1920 is arotatable structure such as a wheel with threads that engage the neck2010 (FIG. 21) or a portion thereof of the reservoir 125. In anembodiment, the wheel of the second detachment mechanism 1920 is rotated(such as by a three quarter turn or other turn range) by a user once thereservoir 125 is attached to the outer housing. Rotation of a knob thesecond detachment mechanism 1920 lockingly and sealingly engages theopening 2005 of the reservoir to the knob and to internal conduits ofthe system that fluidly couple the fluid in the reservoir to thenozzles.

In this regard, an outlet conduit 2115 fluidly communicates with theinternal region of the reservoir when the reservoir is attached andlockingly sealed to the housing. The outlet conduit 2115 can be fluidlyattached to a pump inlet conduit 2120 of the pump 1005 such as via ahose (not shown). The pump 1005 has an outlet conduit 2125 that can befluidly attached to the hose coupler 1320 (FIG. 13) of the nozzleassembly. In this manner, the pump can create a pressure differentialthat draws fluid from the reservoir and drives it to the nozzleassembly.

In an embodiment, a hose or tube connects the outlet conduit 2125 of thepump 1005 to the hose coupler 1320 of the nozzle assembly. The tube (orother conduit) that connects the pump 1005 to the nozzle assembly may beconfigured to electrostatically charge fluid flowing through the tube bydirect charging between the tube, which is charged, and the fluid thatflows through the tube toward the nozzles. The fluid comes into physicalcontact with a charged electrode, such as the tube. This is described inmore detail with reference to FIG. 24, which shows an ion tube isolator2405 that electrically charges fluid flowing from the reservoir or pumpand toward the nozzles. The ion tube isolator includes the tube 2410through which fluid passes as well as a high voltage electrode assemblyor module 2415 that is electrically connected to the electrostaticmodule and that is made of a conductive material such as metal. Themodule 2415 can include a lead where it can be electrically connected tothe electrostatic module such as via a conductive wire.

In an embodiment the module 2415 is a conductive material, such asmetal. In an embodiment only the module 2415 is conductive and theremainder of the tube 2410 is non-conductive and/or is insulated fromcontact with any other part of the system. The module 2415 may also besurrounded by an insulator that insulates it from contact with any otherpart of the system. As fluid flows through the tube 2410, the module2415 directly contacts the fluid as it flows and passes a charge to thefluid through direct contact with the fluid. In this way, the ion tubeisolator 2405 electrostatically charges the fluid prior to the fluidpassing through the nozzle.

Since molecules in an aqueous solution are polarized in nature, they caneasily carry and conduct electricity from a charge source under highelectrical potential (such as a positive electrode in the nozzleholder). Under high electrical potential, the aqueous solution and itspath becomes conductive and therefore the charge can be carried to wholeliquid system including the hose, pump and tank within the sprayer.

When the aqueous solution is sprayed, the charged solution is forced outthrough the nozzle and broken up into tiny charged droplets in the air.Because all droplets are carrying the same charge, they will repel eachother forming a uniform fine mist in the air. With the help ofelectrical attraction force between the mist and the intended object,they are pulled like a “magnet” towards the intended object on whichopposite charge is induced to its surface via ground. The fine dropletscan spread with high mobility and therefore can reach the edges and evenbackside of an intended object to achieve the desired 360 degreecoverage, which is sometimes referred to as a “wrap around effect.”

As unlike charges attract each other, theoretically, a positiveelectrostatic sprayer works the same way as negative electrostaticsprayer. A negative electrostatic module can also be used in place of apositive electrostatic module. In such a case, the droplets sprayed outcarry a negative charge and positive charge will be induced on theintended object via ground to attract the negative charges droplets. Thenegative charge on the droplets will eventually be neutralized byinduced positive charge on the intended object when it hit the surfaceof the intended object.

Although the sprayer can be powered by a DC battery, it can still “pump”electrical charges to the aqueous solution by means of the electrostaticmodule inside the sprayer. For electrically balanced system, oppositecharge may be supplied to compensate the charge spent to the liquidsystem. This is effectively achieved by means of the ground plate on thehandle grip, opposite charge can flow through the ground plate from userto electrostatic module to counterbalance the charge lose to the liquidsystem.

In an embodiment, the pump 1005 is a direct current (DC) pump althoughan AC pump or any other type of pump can be used as well. The pumpincludes a rotary motion motor with a connecting rod that drives adiaphragm in an up and down motion when activated. In the process of thedownward movement of the diaphragm, a pump cavity creates a pressuredifferential such as by pulling a vacuum relative to the interior of thereservoir to suck fluid through the pump inlet conduit 2120 from thereservoir. Upward movement of the diaphragm pushes fluid of the pumpcavity press through the pump outlet conduit 2125 toward the hosecoupler 1320 of the nozzle assembly via an attachment hose that attachesthe pump outlet conduit 2125 to the hose coupler 1320. Any mechanicaltransmission parts and the pump cavity are isolated by the diaphragmwithin the pump. The diaphragm pump does not need oil for auxiliarylubricating, in the process of transmission, extraction and compressionof the fluid. FIG. 23 shows an exemplary embodiment of the pump 1005,which includes the pump inlet conduit 2120 and the pump outlet conduit2125.

The type of motor used in any of the embodiments described herein canvary. In an embodiment, the system uses a constant speed motor such thatthe speed of the motor when in use is not vary based upon the remainingpower and the battery. This constant speed ability can be achieved by amotor circuit or other electrical element positioned between the batteryand the motor. The motor circuit intercepts and monitors the phasechanging frequency and adjust the frequency or otherwise regulates thepower signal to maintain a constant speed for the motor duringoperation. This constant speed of the motor has several advantages overvariable speed motor including the following.

In a variable speed motor, the motor speed of the motor can vary basedupon the motor input voltage. Thus, a higher input voltage result in ahigher motor speed. This results in a variation in the output pressureof the pump as the charge in the battery varies, and the output pressuredepends on motor speed. A fully charged battery that provides a higherinput voltage to the motor can drive the sprayer at highest pressure andso the spray performance is strong. As the battery loses charge, themotor input voltage drops, which results in a reduced motor speed aswell as a drop in the pressure the sprayer. As a result, the sprayerperformance is reduced. Therefore, inconsistent sprayer performance canresult from different levels of battery charge. With constant speedmotor as described above, the constant motor speed results in a constantor uniform pressure output from the pump to the spray nozzles, whichmaintains a consistent sprayer performance that is not based on orindependent of the battery voltage.

In an embodiment, the motor operates at a speed of 3000 rpm at 12V. Thesupplied voltage of the sprayer may be higher than 12V where the nominalvoltage of the battery is higher. This can be the case even where aresistor is positioned in series in the power supply line. For example,the nominal voltage of the battery can be 14.8V. The peak speed of themotor (when the battery is fully charged) may attain about 4000 rpm. Ashigher the motor speed, higher the pump pressure and higher rate of wearwhich means shorter the pump life.

In use, the user grasps the system 105 and powers the pump so that itpropels fluid out of the selected nozzle from the reservoir. Asmentioned, the user can use the nozzle tool 1205 to both insert and lockthe nozzle assembly 1015 to the system. The user can also use the nozzletool 1205 to rotate the nozzle component and fluidly couple a selectednozzle to the reservoir. Thus the user can select a desired plumeprofile for the fluid. The system can also be equipped with just asingle nozzle. The user also activates the electrostatic module so thatthe electrodes become charged and form an electrostatic field in theelectrode ring. The fluid is propelled from the nozzle through the ringand through the electrostatic field so that the droplets of fluid in theaerosol plume become positively or negatively electrically charged. Asmentioned, the electrodes and the nozzle are aligned along a commonparallel axis. This directs the liquid or aerosol toward a desiredobject based on where the user points the nozzles. In an embodiment, theelectrodes do not physically contact the fluid propelled through thenozzles. In another embodiment, the electrodes physically contact thefluid propelled through the nozzles.

Supercharging of Fluid

FIG. 44A shows a schematic diagram that illustrates an electrostaticcharging process for the system, referred to herein as electrostaticwrapping. As described below, the system is configured toelectrostatically charge the fluid at two or more locations therebyresulting in an electrostatically supercharged fluid as the fluid exitsthe nozzle assembly. The system electrostatically charges the fluidwithin the reservoir (tank) via the duck bill valve in the upper regionof the reservoir. As the fluid passes through the pump and through theelectrostatic module, it is charged again at the metal ring of thenozzle assembly. This is described in more detail below.

With reference to FIG. 44A, when a battery is installed inside thedevice, the user activates the trigger to cause charging of the (7 Kv)electrostic module. The tank/reservoir has fluid inside. The pump, asmentioned, is a pneumatic piston style pump. The pump causes a pressuredifferential that opens a valve and starts to vacuum the fluid contentout of the tank reservoir. In order for the tank not to collapse, theduck bill valve opens to permit ambient outside air into the tank.

When the pump opens and the power trigger is activated, the (7 kvmodule) becomes fully charged. The pump modulates as the pump valvesopen and close. The electrostatic state is moved between the tank andthe nozzle of the device. The charge is a positive charge. When the pumpstarts to vacuum, the pressure differential propels fluid from the tankthrough internal fluid conduits until the fluid contacts the nozzleassembly, where the electric static metal or copper ring is fittedinside the nozzle housing.

The fluid is charged going through the nozzle housing in a positivecharge. The pump valve opens and closes but so does the outside air,entering only through the duckbill valve, which allows positive andnegative ions to inter the tank. This cycle allows the tank to becharged with positive and negative Ions.

When the valve open and allows fluid from the tank to pass through thepiston style valve and the fluid hoses of the device, as well as theelectric static tubing, the fluid reaches the nozzle assembly, where thefluid becomes supercharged with positive ions. Thus, when the fluid issprayed at a negatively charged object, the positive ions in the fluidcauses the fluid to wrap the negatively charged object, which causessubstantial wrapping of fluid around the object.

The double charging process is described in more detail with respect toFIG. 44B and FIG. 44C. FIG. 44B shows a cross-sectional view of thesystem with the pump off, while FIG. 44C shows the system with the pumppowered on. When the pump unit is turned on as shown in FIG. 44B, theelectrostatic charge starts at the electrostatic charging ring and worksitself back down the fluid output line and suction line, through thepump and into the tank, where the electrostatic charge causes all theions to be positively charged.

FIG. 44C shows the system with the pump powered on. The pump causes thefluid to move out of the reservoir (tank) and toward the nozzleassembly, which includes the electrostatic ring charging ring. All thepositive ions from the tank are pumped from the tank, through the pump,and charged again at the electrostatic charging ring (3720), all priorto becoming atomized by the nozzle assembly. In this manner, the fluidis electrostatically charged at least two times along the fluid flowpathway from the reservoir to the nozzle assembly.

A combination of charging the fluid twice and charging prior to thefluid being atomized at the nozzle assembly enables the system to fullycharge the liquid, rather than just charging an outer shell of theatomized particle thereby providing more charged particles. This alsoprovides a greater wrapping effect for the atomized particle and enablesthe particles to hold the charge longer. The charging process describedwith respect to FIGS. 44A-44C can be used with any type of power sourceincluding AC power source or solar power source, for example, and is notlimited to use with a DC power source.

Additional Backpack Embodiment

FIGS. 25A-26 show various views of a backpack style electrostatic fluiddelivery system, referred to herein as the backpack system 2405. Thebackpack system 2405 includes a tank 2410 that is removably mounted onthe base 2415. A system of one or more straps 2420 is connected to thebase 2415 in a manner that permits the backpack system 2405 to be wornby a user, as shown in FIG. 26. A tubing 2425 extends outward from thebackpack system 2405 and is fluidly coupled to the tank 2410, as well asto a handheld sprayer (FIG. 28), as described in detail below. Thebackpack system 2405 also includes a removable and rechargeable battery2435, as best shown in FIG. 25. The system can also include vents oropenings for permitting heat transfer out of the system.

As shown in FIG. 26, the one or more straps 2420 are positioned andconnected to the backpack system 2405 in a manner that permits thebackpack system to be worn on the back of a user. The straps 2420 arearranged such that the straps can be positioned around the user'sshoulder with the tank 2410 and the base 2415 positioned adjacent theuser's back.

FIG. 27 shows the battery system of the backpack system. As mentioned,the battery system includes the battery 2435, which removably attachesto a charger 2605. The charger 2605 has a seat that is sized and shapedto receive the battery 2435. A power cord 2610 extends from the charger2605 and can be plugged into a power outlet for providing an electricalcharge to the charger 2605 and the battery 2435. As mentioned, thebattery 2435 can be removably attached to the base 2415 of the backpacksystem 2405 for providing power to the backpack system 2405. In anembodiment, the charger is a 12 volt charger although this can vary.

As mentioned, the backpack system 2405 includes a handheld sprayer 2705for spraying electrically charged fluid. FIG. 28 shows a perspectiveview of the sprayer 2705. The sprayer 2705 is a handheld structure thatis sized and shaped to be grasped by a single hand of a user. Thesprayer 2705 includes a handle region 2710 that can be grasped withinthe palm of a user such that the user can wrap his or her fingers aroundthe handle region 2710. A first actuator 2712 is movably mounted on thehandle region world 2710 such that a user can actuate the first actuator2712 such as by squeezing on the first actuator 2712. In an embodiment,the user activates a pump of the backpack system 2405 by pressing on thefirst actuator 2712 to cause fluid to be expelled out of the sprayer2705 as described below.

The sprayer 2705 also includes a second actuator 2714 that isergonomically positioned on the sprayer 2705 such that a user can use athumb to press on the second actuator 2714 when grasping the sprayer2705 with his or her fingers. The second actuator 2714 is coupled to aelectrostatic charger of the backpack system. The user activates theelectrostatic charger by pressing on the second actuator 2714 toelectrostatically charge fluid being expelled from the sprayer, asdescribed herein.

With reference still to FIG. 28, is a strip 2715 of conductive material,such as copper, is positioned on the first actuator 2712 such that thestrip 2715 will contact the user's hand when the user is grasping thesprayer 2705. Other materials, such as stainless steel, may be used forthe strip 2715. The strip, 275 service as an electrical groundconnection to the user.

FIG. 29 shows a partially exploded view of the backpack system with thetank detached from the base. The tank 2410 is sized and shaped so thatit can fit within a seat of the base 2415. The tank can be shaped sothat it can fit within the base 2415 only when positioned in apredetermined orientation relative to the base. The tank 2410 and base2415 can also include a tongue and groove configuration such that one ormore comes in the tank 2410 slidably made with one or more grooves inthe base 2415 (or vice versa) to slidably made and secure the tank 2410to the base 2415.

In an embodiment, the tank 2410 mates with the base 2415 by first hingehingedly attaching to the base 2415, such as a long the bottom region ofthe tank 2410. FIG. 30 shows an example of how the tank 2410 can hingeinto an attached relationship with the base 2415. The tank 2410 has abottom attachment region 3005 that is positioned along the seat regionof the base 2415. With the tank 2410 positioned as shown in FIG. 30, theuser rotates the top region of the tank 2410 toward a locking attachment3010 the top region of the base 2415. FIG. 31 shows an enlarged view ofa hinge that locks the base to the tank. The top region of the tank 2410includes a cavity 3015 that is sized and shaped to receive the lockingattachment 3010 of the base 2415. The locking attachment 3010 is atongue shaped member or clasp that clasps onto the cavity 3015 toremovably secure the tank 2410 to the base 2415.

FIG. 32A shows a perspective view of the tank of the backpack system.The tank is formed of an outer housing that defines an internal cavityconfigured to contain a fluid. An opening is located on the tank, suchas along an upper top region of the tank. The opening is covered by acap 3210 that can removably cover the opening into the cavity. The cap,when positioned over the opening, sealingly covers the opening such thatfluid inside the cavity is sealed within the cavity of the tank 2410.The tank 2410 removably couples to the base 2415 along the bottom regionof the base. In this regard, the tank 2410 includes a valve assembly3215 (FIG. 32B) that interacts with a corresponding valve assembly 3310(FIG. 33) in the base to permit fluid to flow from the tank 2410 andinto the base 2415, where the fluid can then flow toward the sprayer2705 via the tubing 2425 (FIG. 24A).

FIG. 32B shows an enlarged view of a bottom portion of the tank showingthe valve assembly 3215. The valve assembly includes a valve cap 3250that surrounds a pin valve 3255. As described in detail below, the pinvalve 3255 transitions between a closed position that prevents fluidflow into and out of the tank, and an open position that permits fluidflow from the tank to the base. The pin valve 3255 has a default, closedstate. The pin valve 3255 automatically transitions to the open statewhen the tank 3410 is properly seated within the base 3415.

The valve assembly between the base 2415 and the tank 2410 ismechanically configured such that a valved fluid passageway between thetank 2410 and the base 2415 automatically opens when the tank 2410 isproperly seated in the base 2415.

FIG. 33 shows an enlarged view of a portion of the base 2415 and shows avalve assembly 3310 of the base 2415. The valve assembly 3310 of thebase 2415 is sized and shaped to mechanically interact with the valveassembly 3215 of the tank 2410. Specifically, the valve assembly 3215 ofthe tank 2410 couples with and/or seats within the valve assembly 3310of the base 2410. When properly seated, the two valve assembliesinteract such that the valve assembly 3215 of the tank automaticallyopens when the tank is properly seated in the base.

FIG. 34 shows a perspective view of the combined valve assemblies of thetank and the base. FIG. 35 shows a cross-sectional, perspective view ofthe combined valve assembly. With reference to FIG. 34, the valveassembly 3215 of the tank includes the one way valve cap 3250, whichpartially surrounds a spring valve 3420 that is closed in a defaultstate. The valve assembly 3310 of the base 2415 includes a filter 3415for filtering fluid that passes through the valve.

With reference to FIG. 35, the spring valve 3420 includes a valve pin3510 that has an upper region that seats on a plate 3520. The springvalve 3420 includes a spring that biases the spring valve 3420 towardthe closed position. When the valve assembly of the tank is seatedwithin the valve assembly of the base, the spring valve 3420 is pushedby the interaction toward an open position so that fluid can flow fromthe tank into the base and toward the sprayer.

FIG. 36 shows a perspective view of the sprayer assembly with an outerhousing of the sprayer assembly being partially transparent. Asdiscussed above, the sprayer assembly is formed of an outer housing thathas an ergonomic shape. A nozzle assembly 3615 is positioned within theouter housing in fluid communication with the tubing 2425 (FIG. 25) thatis fluidly coupled to the fluid in the tank 2410. The outer housingincludes one or more internal tubular members that provide a passagewayfor fluid to flow to the nozzle assembly 3615.

The sprayer assembly also includes an internal pump 3610 that causes apressure differential to cause fluid to flow from the tank, through thetubing 2425, and into the nozzle assembly 3615 of the sprayer assembly.As mentioned, the sprayer assembly includes a first actuator 2712 thatcan be actuated by a user to activate the pump 3610. The sprayerassembly also includes a second actuator 2714, such as a button, thatactivates the electrostatic module of the device.

FIG. 37 shows a perspective, exploded view of the nozzle assembly 3615.FIG. 38 shows a perspective, cross-sectional view of the nozzle assemblyin an assembled state. FIG. 39 shows a side, cross-sectional view of thenozzle assembly in an assembled state. The nozzle assembly 3615 canoptionally be configured in a similar manner to the nozzle assembly ofany of the other embodiments disclosed herein. In the embodiment of FIG.38, the nozzle assembly includes a nozzle housing 3705 having aninternal cavity that removably contains a nozzle holder or nozzlecomponent 3710 in which one or more nozzles are positioned in a mannersimilar to the previous embodiment. An annular electrostatic ring 3720is mounted on a forward edge of the nozzle housing 3705. Theelectrostatic ring 3720 forms an opening through which fluid is expelledfrom the tank/reservoir and through at least one of the nozzles byvirtue of the pump creating a pressure differential. An insulatorelement, such as a rubber ring can be positioned on the electrostaticring to electrically shield it from the outer housing of the sprayer.

There is a metal contact on the high voltage electrostatic ring that isexposed at a rear part of the electrostatic ring. A high voltage wirefrom the electrostatic module is soldered or otherwise electricallyconnected to this metal contact. The soldering point and adjacentexposed metal is completely sealed by epoxy or other insulator to avoidoxidation and leakage of ions from the electrodes. A ground wire fromelectrostatic module is connected to ground plate. As discussed, theground wire is embedded in the handle of the sprayer so that it is incontact with the operator during operation. This serves as electricalreturn loop to complete an electrical circuit. The electrostatic ring iselectrically charged so that it transfers the charge to the electrodesthat are electrically connected to the ring. In another embodiment, theelectrodes themselves are individually connected to the electrostaticmodule.

A one-way check valve can be positioned inside the nozzle assembly 3615such that fluid must flow through the one way valve in order to flow outof the nozzle assembly. When the trigger that powers the fan is releasedby a user, the check valve closes and prohibits fluid from exiting thenozzle assembly when the trigger is released by the user. In thismanner, residual fluid is prohibited from being released out of thesystem and onto the ground when the system is not in use.

An ion tube isolator 3905 is mounted within the nozzle assembly of thesprayer. FIG. 40 shows a perspective, cross-sectional view of the iontube isolator 3905. The ion tube isolator 3905 functions a mannersimilar to the ion tube isolator described above with respect to theprevious embodiment. The ion tube isolator 3905 electrically chargesfluid flowing from the tank or pump and toward the nozzles. The ion tubeisolator includes a tube 3910 through which fluid passes as well as ahigh voltage electrode assembly or module that is electrically connectedto the electrostatic module and that is made of a conductive materialsuch as metal. The module can include a lead where it can beelectrically connected to the electrostatic module such as via aconductive wire.

In an embodiment the module is a conductive material, such as metal. Inan embodiment only the module is conductive and the remainder of thetube 3910 is non-conductive and/or is insulated from contact with anyother part of the system. The module may also be surrounded by aninsulator that insulates it from contact with any other part of thesystem. As fluid flows through the tube 3910, the module directlycontacts the fluid as it flows and passes a charge to the fluid throughdirect contact with the fluid. In this way, the ion tube isolator 3905electrostatically charges the fluid prior to the fluid passing throughthe nozzle.

FIG. 41 shows a perspective view of a nozzle tool 4105 that removablyand mechanically couples to the nozzle assembly for manipulating thenozzle component 3710. The nozzle tool 4105 is sized and shaped to beinserted into a front opening in the nozzle housing 3705. When insertedinto the nozzle housing 3705, the nozzle tool 4105 mechanically couplesto the nozzle component 3710 in a manner that permits the nozzle tool4105 to lock and/or move the nozzle component relative to the nozzlehousing.

In an embodiment, the tool 4105 couples to and removes nozzle componentby a counter clock turn and by pushing in until nozzle componentdecouples and can be removed. In this regard, pushing the nozzlecomponent deeper into the housing using the tool causes a threadedportion of the nozzle component to engage a threaded nut or bolt of thehousing that secures the nozzle component to the housing. The user canthen unthread the nozzle tool and remove it from the housing.

The tool 4105 can also be used to adjust the three-way nozzle by turningit in a desired rotational direction. The user can select two or moredifferent spray patterns by turning the nozzle component so that adesired nozzle fluidly couples to the reservoir. In this regard, aportion of the tool mechanically attaches to the nozzle component sothat it can apply force to the nozzle component and rotate it until adesired nozzle is in a position that is fluidly coupled to a fluidstream from the reservoir. The system may include a mechanism, such asspring and ball, that provides a noise (such as a clicking sound) when anozzle is in a position to spray fluid.

The nozzle tool 4105 is sized and shaped to be grasped by a user. It caninclude a coupler region that can be removably coupled to a drivedevice, such as a wrench, or grasped by a user. In an embodiment, thecoupler region is hexagonal shaped so that it can be mechanicallycoupled to a wrench including a socket wrench. The nozzle tool includesa cavity or seat that is size and shaped to receive the outer portion ofthe nozzle component. For example, the seat can have a shape thatcomplements and receives the shape of the nozzle component. The nozzletool also includes at least one opening that interlocks with acomplementary-shaped protrusion on the nozzle component.

FIG. 42A shows a perspective view of a pump housing of the system, whichincludes a pneumatic head. The pump housing is sized and shaped toreceive the pump, which can be similar or the same as the pump the pumpdescribed above with respect to the previous embodiment. The pumphousing 4210 includes a top and a bottom inlet opening 4220 and a topand a bottom outlet opening 4230. Valves are positioned in each of thetop and bottom in the openings for a total for valves. Fluid flows intothe pump to the inlet opening 4220 and out of the pump through theoutlet opening 4230. In an embodiment, the pump is a rotary pump thatincludes a connecting rod and a diaphragm. The diaphragm is positionedor coupled within a top diaphragm opening 4235 and an aligned bottomdiaphragm opening. The rotary motion of the motor turn into the swing ofa connecting rod causes the diaphragm to move up and down relative tothe diaphragm opening 4235. The process of downward movement of thediaphragm a pump cavity will suck fluid through the inlet opening 4220.Upward movement of the diaphragm presses fluid out of the outlet opening4230 and towards the nozzles. The mechanical transmission parts and apump cavity are isolated by the diaphragm. The diaphragm does not needoil for auxiliary lubricating during the process of transmission,extraction and compression of the fluid.

The diaphragms have two holes that are cut into a circle. The valves(which can be plastic, for example) have a seating position inside of apneumatic gasket. A top and a bottom lid of the housing secures therubber diaphragms like an o-ring. The rubber diaphragm, when properlyinserted, makes a water tight seal when screwed down to a pneumatic headassembly of the housing.

The top and bottom reservoir outlet openings allow water to flow in andout of each channel. The valves are inserted into the rubber diaphragms.The two channels equalize the pressure when the pneumatic valves areopening and closing to provide continues motion of suction and pressure.The pneumatic head has multiple channels or openings thereby allowingwater to flow through the top and the bottom by using applied force froma DC motor. The motor rotates with a bearing that spins on an oval axisinside of the cam housing causing a up and down motion and side to sidemotion. The rubber diaphragm can be of a harder and thicker materialwhich will act as a trampoline when the cam housing is attached to bothsides of the diaphragm. The diaphragms move up and down generating aninternal pressure. The valves will open and close allowing waterpressure to circulate in and out causing the system to be under aconstant suction and flow pressure. The pressure is regulated and isequal to the suction pressure. The pressure can be adjusted by thethickness of the diaphragms and the rpm of the motor.

The cam has an oval shape allowing the bearing to be off-set to allowthe cam to rotate up and down or side to side causing the rubberdiaphragms to be pushed up and down. This causes an up and down motionon the pneumatic diaphragm, which in turn causes suction on one side ofthe pneumatic housing and pressure on the other side of the housing. Asthe water flows through the valve opening and closing the valves, thewater is equal to both pressures. The one side of the pump draws inwater while the other side pushes the water.

There are three bearings that are included in the pneumatic pumpincluding a DC motor casing bearing. The first bearing is located insideof the DC motor housing to allow the shaft to spin freely when the motoris spinning at high speeds. The second bearing is located in the camhousing which is the pneumatic housing. All three bearings can bestainless steel, for example, and have stainless steel casing whichallows the bearing not to overheat or rust. The third bearing isconfigured to keep the shaft and the cam aligned with the internalpneumatic head. This allows the inner motor bearing to stay aligned withthe second cam shaft bearing and third bearing which keeps the shaftstraight and true allowing the shaft to take more impact when spinningat high RPMs.

The four valves sit flush on the outside of the pneumatic housing, whichare located in front of the inlet and outlet ports. The valves' purposeis to open and close such as on the order of 3000 times a minute. Asthis occurs, the diaphragm is pushed up and down by way of the bearingrotating inside the cam which rides freely between both pneumatic rubberdiaphragms. The top and bottom diaphragm are a mirror image in size andin length. The cam attaches by two posts that connect them together. Thecam rides freely between the two diaphragms making them independent andfree to move in the direction of the bearing that is off-set allowingthe cam to move in a direction up and down or side to side.

As mentioned, there are four rubber valves that open and close. Thevalves have different functions. The valves are meant to open and closeallowing for water pressure or suctioning pressure to be continuous. Oneof the valves is always in a closed position so as not allowing water toback flow to the water pressure side. The opposing side of the valveallows suction pressure. A spoke check valve is in an open position andallows water pressure to flow when in one position. The pump has asuction side and a pressure side. The valves are Identical in thepneumatic housing. The cam moves the pneumatic diaphragm in a up anddown motion causing the valves to open and close allowing water to beextracted from a reservoir and pushed out of the opposing side.

FIG. 42B illustrates pumping process. The pump includes a collection ofvalves, which alternately and sequentially open and close allowing forwater pressure or suctioning pressure to be continuous through the pump.A first valve is always in a closed position so that it prohibits fluid(e.g., water) to back flow to the water pressure side of the pump. Asecond, opposing side of the valve is configured to open and allowsuction pressure. A third valve is in an open position and allows waterpressure to flow. As mentioned, the pump has a suction side and apressure side. A cam assembly inside the pump moves the pneumaticdiaphragm in an up and down motion causing the valves to open and closeallowing water to be extracted from the reservoir and pushed out of theopposing side. As the first valve and second valve open and close, theopening and closing of the valves alternately forms an opening andclosing electrical circuit that exposes water in the tank to theelectrostatic charger. This provides an electrical charge to the waterthe tank as described herein.

FIG. 43 shows another embodiment of a backpack system. This embodimentof the backpack system includes an elongated wand 4310 that extendsoutward from a handle 4315 of the system. The wand 4310 can be sized andshaped to space the nozzle 4320 from the handle 4315, such as to enablea user to reach regions that are spaced apart from the handle 4315.

FIG. 45 shows a perspective view of another embodiment of a sprayersystem 4505, which is similar but smaller in size to the embodiment ofFIG. 9. The system 4505 has an outer housing 110 that forms a handle4608 that can ergonomically be grasped by a single hand of a user. Thesprayer handle is ergonomically designed to fit all hand sizes. A groundwire or other structure can be embedded into the handle, as discussedwith respect to the previous embodiments. The ground wire is positionedso that it will electrically contact the user's hand when the usergrasps handle during use of the device. In an embodiment, the groundwire is made of copper and is a copper strip of material that contactsthe user's hand when the user grasps the device although othermaterials, such as stainless steel, may be used.

The system 4505 includes at least one actuator, such as a trigger 4606,that can be actuated to turn on and also turn off an internal pump, aswell as a second actuator, such as button 4602, for turning on and offan electrostatic charger for expelling a plume of electrostaticallycharged fluid from a fluid expelling region 175 of the system 105. Thesystem 4505 has a removable tank or reservoir 125 for storing fluid tobe expelled. There is sufficient space clearance between the reservoir125 and the handle 4608 for a comfortable fit for the user when the usergrasps the handle 4608. In an embodiment, when fully loaded with liquidthe sprayer system weighs no more than 3 pounds although the weight canvary. In an embodiment, the reservoir 125 can contain up to half a literof fluid although this can also vary.

The system 105 ejects high voltage ions to the air by means of aplurality of (such as three or more) detachable, high voltage iondischarge electrodes or pins of a predetermined spacing from each otheron a rim of a nozzle holder (which can be as described above withreference to FIG. 14). The system can include a nozzle assembly such asany of the assemblies described herein. The high voltage ion dischargeelectrodes are each positioned along an axis that is in parallel to anaxis of a spray nozzle so that the spray and ions are emitted in thesame direction and along a parallel axis and therefore the droplets inthe spray are surrounded and covered by ion stream and can beefficiently charged when they meet the ion stream. The electrodes thusemit, propel, or otherwise send out ions or charge in a directionparallel to the direct of fluid flow or an average direction of fluidflow from the nozzles.

FIG. 46 shows the system 4505 with a portion of the outer housing 110removed to show internal components of the system 4505. The system 4505includes a pump 4605 that is powered by a battery 4610, which can berechargeable. The pump 4605 can be configured according to any of theembodiments of the pumps described herein, such as shown in FIG. 42A andrelated figures. The pump 4605 is fluidly coupled to fluid within thereservoir 125 such that the pump can cause a pressure differential todraw fluid from the reservoir and into a nozzle assembly 1015, which canbe configured as described above in the previous embodiment. The system105 further includes an electrostatic module that is electricallyconnected to an electrostatic ring, as described above with respect tothe previous embodiments. The electrostatic module in an exampleembodiment is a 12 kV electrostatic module and it is configured toelectrostatically charge an item, such as the electrodes, ring, and/ortube described below. In another embodiment, the electrostatic module isa 7 kV electrostatic module.

As mentioned, the system 4505 has a removable reservoir 125 (such as atank) for storing fluid to be expelled. FIG. 47 shows a cross-sectionalview of the system 4505 in the region where the reservoir 125 removablycouples (or otherwise attaches) to the outer housing 110 of the system.A top portion of the reservoir 125 mechanically attaches to the housingof the system. As described below, the reservoir and the housing coupledto one another in a secure and fluidly sealed male-female mechanicalrelationship.

In this regard, the system of 4505 includes a male member 4705 that hasa first end positioned within the reservoir 125 and a second endpositioned outside of the reservoir 125. The male member 4705mechanically inserts into a female member 4710 in the housing when thereservoir 125 is attached to the outer housing 110. The male member 4705has an internal lumen that communicates with a lumen within the housingand that ultimately lead to the nozzle assembly of the system and thatalso passes through the pump, such as the type of pump shown in FIG.42A. In this manner, fluid can flow from the reservoir 125 to the nozzleassembly via the male member 4705 and the female member 4710 when thepump is activated.

With reference to FIG. 47 and the enlarged view of FIG. 48, the malemember 4705 can be an L-shaped structure, with a first, downwardlyfacing region that inserts into the reservoir 125, and a second,horizontal region that inserts into and sealingly mates with the femalemember 4710. The downwardly, vertical region includes can include orotherwise be attached to a tubing that reaches down to a bottom regionof the reservoir 125. Such tubing provides a passageway for fluid toflow from the reservoir 1 by into the lumen of the male member 4705 whenthe pump is activated.

With reference to FIG. 48, and insulation or sealing member, such as anO-ring 4810, can be positioned on the male member 4705 to provide a sealbetween the male member and the structure in which it is mounted. Thisreduces the likelihood of liquid spilling out of the reservoir 125 ifthe device is toppled over. Any of the entryways into the reservoir 125can include a filter to keep out contaminants.

When the reservoir 125 is attached to the outer housing 110 of thesystem, the male member 4705 sealingly mates with the female member4710. As shown in the top-down view of FIG. 49, the system can include alocking member 4910, such as a pin, that secures or otherwise retainsthe male member 4705 inside the female member 4710 when the two arecoupled. The locking member 4910 can be positioned between a lockedstate that secures the two members to one another and an unlocked statethat permits the members to be released from one another. A biasingmember, such as a spring 4810, can be positioned or otherwise coupled tothe female member 4710. The spring 41 biases the male member 4705outwardly from the female member 4710. This helps to disengage the malemember of the female member when the lock member is unlocked, such as ina “quick release” fashion.

With reference to the top-down view of the reservoir 125 of FIG. 49, anupper region of the reservoir 125 includes an opening or spout that iscovered by a cap 4920. The cap 4920 can move between a closed statewherein the 4920 sealingly covers the spout of the reservoir 125 and anopen state wherein the cap 4910 does not cover the spout. When the spoutis uncovered, a liquid can be poured into the reservoir 125. In anembodiment, the cap 4910 is secured to a top of the reservoir 125 in ahinged manner such that the cap 4910 can pivotably move between the openand closed position. The cap can have a beveled edge that seals with thereservoir such as in the manner of a sink stopper. In an embodiment, thecap is a 1 inch diameter cap.

With reference again to FIG. 47, the system 4505 includes an ion tubeisolator 3905, which is mounted within the nozzle assembly of thesprayer. The ion tube isolator 3905 can be configured as described aboverespect to the previous embodiments. The electrostatic tube is isolatedinside the nozzle housing, which acts as a protected barrier against anelectrical shock when the nozzle has been insolated with electrostaticepoxy and over molded plastic. The electrostatic tube is electricallycoupled to a wire. The wire is soldered into a small hole in the nozzlehousing that allows the solder to attach the electrostatic ring of thenozzle assembly to a silicone wire. The silicone wire is then attachedto the electrostatic module, which can be rated at 5 Kv to 7 Kv, forexample. The nozzle assembly can also include a gasket, such as a doublemale sided gasket that allows the nozzle to keep a tight seal betweenthe water nozzle and the electrostatic ring, both of which are insidethe nozzle housing.

As discussed above, the nozzle assembly can include a one-way checkvalve, which prevents fluid from exiting the nozzle assembly when theuser releases the trigger that powers the fan (i.e. the device is notbeing used). In this manner, residual fluid inside the device will notexit the system when the trigger is not being actuated by a user. Itshould be appreciated that any of the features described with respect toone embodiment described herein can be used with any of the otherembodiments described herein.

While this specification contains many specifics, these should not beconstrued as limitations on the scope of an invention that is claimed orof what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features specificto particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in thisspecification in the context of separate embodiments can also beimplemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, variousfeatures that are described in the context of a single embodiment canalso be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in anysuitable sub-combination. Moreover, although features may be describedabove as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed assuch, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some casesbe excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may bedirected to a sub-combination or a variation of a sub-combination.Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particularorder, this should not be understood as requiring that such operationsbe performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, orthat all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirableresults.

1. An electrostatic sprayer device, comprising: a housing; anelectrostatic module inside the housing; a reservoir having a cavityadapted to contain a fluid; at least one nozzle fluidly connected to thereservoir wherein the nozzles emit fluid in a direction along a flowpathway; a pump that propels fluid from the reservoir to the at leastone nozzle; a direct current battery that powers at least one of theelectrostatic module and the pump; an electrode assembly thatelectrostatically charges the fluid, wherein the electrode assembly isat least one of: (1) a first electrode assembly formed of a pluralityelectrodes electrically attached to the electrostatic module, whereineach electrode emits ions along an axis that is parallel to the flowpathway of the fluid emitted from the nozzle such that the pluralityelectrodes form a static electrical field through which the fluidpasses; and (2) a second electrode assembly formed of a tube thatfluidly through which fluid flows from the reservoir toward the at leastone nozzle, wherein at least a conductive portion of the tube iselectrically attached to the electrostatic module, and wherein theconductive portion of the tube physically contacts the fluid as it flowsthrough the tube and applies an electrical charge to the fluid; andwherein the electrostatic module also electrostatically charges thefluid inside the reservoir such that the fluid is electrostatically atboth the reservoir and at the electrode assembly.
 2. A sprayer device asin claim 1, wherein the electrode assembly includes both the firstelectrode assembly and the second electrode assembly.
 3. A sprayerdevice as in claim 1, wherein the electrode assembly includes only oneof the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly.
 4. Asprayer device as in claim 1, wherein the plurality electrodes of thefirst electrode assembly are positioned on a ring through which the flowpathways passes.
 5. A sprayer device as in claim 1, wherein theplurality electrodes includes three electrodes spaced in 120 degreeincrements about the ring.
 6. A sprayer device as in claim 1, whereineach electrode of the first electrode assembly is an elongated pin thatextends along an electrode axis that is parallel with a direction alongwhich the at least one nozzle emits fluid.
 7. A sprayer device as inclaim 1, wherein the at least one nozzle includes three nozzles
 8. Asprayer device as in claim 7, wherein each of the three nozzles aremovable so that a user can selectively couple a desired nozzle to thereservoir.
 9. A sprayer device as in claim 1, wherein the at least onenozzle is positioned on a nozzle housing, and wherein the nozzle housingand the at least one nozzle is removable from the housing.
 10. A sprayerdevice as in claim 9, further comprising a tool that can remove thenozzle housing.
 11. A sprayer device as in claim 10, wherein the atleast one nozzle includes three nozzles that are movable so that a usercan selectively couple a desired nozzle to the reservoir, and whereinthe tool can also move the nozzles.
 12. A sprayer device as in claim 1,wherein the housing is sized and shaped to be held in a single hand of auser.
 13. A sprayer device as in claim 12, wherein the housing includesa handle and a trigger that is actuated to active the device.
 14. Asprayer device as in claim 1, wherein the housing at least partiallyforms a backpack.
 15. A sprayer device as in claim 1, wherein eachelectrode of the first electrode assembly is an elongated pin, andfurther comprising an insulator that contacts and covers the pin suchthat only a tip of the pin is not insulated.
 16. A sprayer device as inclaim 15, wherein the reservoir is removably from the housing.
 17. Asprayer device as in claim 1, wherein the pump pulls a vacuum in thehousing to cause fluid to flow from the reservoir to the at least onenozzle.
 18. A sprayer device as in claim 1, wherein the housing includesa handle and further comprising a ground wire in the handle, the groundwire positioned so that the ground wire contacts a user's hand when auser grasps the handle.